Oral antibiotics are a common and effective systemic therapy used to treat inflammatory acne. They are often used when acne covers large areas of the body (such as the back, shoulders, and chest) or when there are inflammatory lesions that have not responded to topical treatments.
The most frequently prescribed antibiotics for acne belong to the tetracycline family, for example lymecycline. They have the following effects: 1. They target and suppress the overgrowth of bacteria within the hair follicle. 2. They have intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties, reducing the red, swollen, and tender nature of spots.
While they are often highly effective at clearing flares the main limiation is that they are only prescribed for a limited duration (maximum 3-6 months) and when they are stopped the acne may recur.
They are generally well tolerated. Side effects include mild gastrointestinal upset and an increased risk of yeast infections. Due to effects on developing bones and teeth, tetracycline antibiotics are strictly contraindicated in pregnant women and children under the age of 8.